One of the Most Ignored Options for Hostel Life Essay Topics

One of the Most Ignored Options for Hostel Life Essay Topics Vital Pieces of Hostel Life Essay Topics The length of the fellowship is a couple of decades. If you don't, don't hesitate to completely ignore them after the very first moment. It can be difficult to find time to travel, but nevertheless, it can be carried out. Thus, you just made a decision to sleep from time to time. Top Choices of Hostel Life Essay Topics Students get a distinctive chance to be an essential part of the college. They lead busy lives and often forget about an upcoming deadline. They live there with each other and learn the value of discipline and co-operation. They are faced with different situations and meet all types of people while living in the hostel. Day scholars aren't allowed in such institutions. There was a huge campaign and several candidates. Students of precisely the same age generally dwell in such places. Students from several cultural backgrounds come to remain in the hostels. Finally, there's a specific chance for every single girl and boy to acquire under the influence of poor company. Some hitched their very own rides into Ventura. When hiking with a group, it is a fantastic idea to come up with a recognizable call like a woot woot. There's no limit to what our parents do for all of us. What Does Hostel Life Essay Topics Mean? Hostels have certain set of rules that will need to be followed in any way times. Actually, a hostel is a dormitory, so it doesn't provide as exquisite services as hotels usually do, and you need to share your individual space with different men and women. It, while it is a barrier, it also allows them to come together. Most hostels provide some type of system for safely storing va luables and an increasing quantity of hostels offer you private lockers. The barrier at the principal gate isn't only physical, but mental too. Despite the fact that the rocky coastline takes a lot of the limelight, just a little inside there's a silent, misty wonderland. There were not any gates, or fences, around the principal region of the park. The Hostel Life Essay Topics Cover Up Shared experiences may also allow people to understand one another, resulting in acceptance and for that reason belonging. Students develop a feeling of friendship and fellow feeling. Indiscipline or deficiency of discipline among students is something which's affecting the society. Hence, the issue of indiscipline and unrest among students is a component of a far larger problem viz. Life, Death and Hostel Life Essay Topics Hostel life can be quite a pleasant journey. It is the place where people make long lasting friendships and memories to cherish forever. Hostel life is regarded as the ideal aspect of a student's life. Life in college hostel involves a lot of advantages. My journey in education hasn't been easy. You should approach this essay writing process with the appropriate mindset, and therefore don't even attempt to skip step 0. You must be alert to the essay structure, which will organize the chaos in your thoughts. Watch out for future essays on the subject. Hostel Life Essay Topics Can Be Fun for Everyone After discovering our website, you will no longer will need to bother friends and family with these kinds of requests. In the event the payment is delayed, they'll be in trouble. You just need to have faith that it's going to happen. Funny the way the mind works. Your body has to be hidden or it has to be compliant with their standards for you to be treated like an individual. At times, on a roll, you've got five great images. When you own a mind map before you, you will know just what you're attempting to attain. Food, fitness and healthier living made to fulfill your life share this article one of the critical roles that water plays is it helps regulate everything in our without enough water, the body won't be in a position to remain at a this is due to the fact that the water you drink helps the kidneys function properly. Let's be a little careful to not overeat. Adults don't think a little one should grieve. A relaxing start to our final day The following day, our final day began with a little slog.

The Pied Piper of Tucson - 1489 Words

The Pied Piper of Tucson On March 4th, 1966, Life Magazine published an article titled The Pied Piper of Tucson that captured the worlds attention. The article written by Don Moser was based on a true story happened in Tucson, Arizona. Charles Schmid, the main character of the article, was a serial killer in Tucson who killed three teenage girls. Mosers article not only managed to turn a local crime story into an international news, it also inspired Joyce Carol Oates who often based her stories on news to write a story about the murders. About 20 years later, this short story was brought to the silver screen by Joyce Chopra. Smooth Talk is an adaption of Oates short story, however, more details were added into the movie in order†¦show more content†¦She was a misfit when she attended a private school- she cut classes, was suspected of stealing, and got into trouble with juvenile authorities for attempting to steal at a liquor store (Moser 84). However, Connie was not as bad as Gretchen as described by Oates. The only misbehaving things she did in the story was she fought with her mother a lot and went to places with her friends that were meant for adults. Charles Schmid laid his eyes on Gretchen at a public swimming pool. He then followed her home and knocked on the door, and Gretchen answered it by saying, Dont I know you? (Moser 84). They talked for an hour and that was how their relationship started. In the story, Arnold Friend set eyes on Connie at Speedway. He watched her as she walked out from the restaurant, and said to her, Gonna get you, baby (Oates 210). He went to Connies house a few days later when she was home alone while her family was out to a barbecue at an aunts place. They talked as Arnold tried to sweet talk Connie into getting into his car. And when sweet talking did not quite work out, he then threatened that he would harm her family if she did not follow what he said. Inspired by Alleens murder, Arnold Friend had an accomplice, El lie, who stayed in the car the whole time when Arnold was seducing Connie. In the article, Alleens neighbor and friend, Mary French tricked Alleen into going out for a drink so Charles Schmid and John SaundersShow MoreRelatedNotes On The Novel Fences And Pied Piper Of Tucson 1080 Words   |  5 Pagesinformational and literary texts to engage and intrigue readers. First, students read short stories and poetry, including a close reading of Joyce Carol Oates’ short story, â€Å"Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?† and Mara Bovsun’s article, â€Å"Pied Piper of Tucson;† they identify and describe ways authors ‘hook and hold’ readers with specific choices. Next, students read the play Fences by Pulitzer Prize winner August Wilson and analyze the role of stories within in the story to create tension andRead MoreThe Characteristics Of The Arnold Friend1436 Words   |  6 Pageswith the nickname â€Å"the Pied Piper† by Don Moser, a writer for Life Magazine who wrote a piece on the killer in 1966. The nickname suited Charles Schmid well, considering his tactics were similar to the character of an old story about the Pied Piper of Hamelin (Buvson). The story tells of a man who was hired by townspeople to chase away the vermin that had overrun their village, but after doing so, was cheated out of his payment. The man later came back, dressed as a pied piper, and lured all the childrenRead MoreAnalysis Of Where Are You Going, And Don Moser s The Piped Piper Of Tucson ``1365 Words   |  6 Pagesfictional in earlier reality. Throughout the modern times, monsters unanimously appear in â€Å"the real world.† Angela Carter’s â€Å"The Fall River Axe Murders,† Joyce Carol Oa tes’ â€Å"Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been,† and Don Moser’s â€Å"The Piped Piper of Tucson† all have parts relating to reality. Moser’s and Carter’s stories are completely nonfiction. It looks as if they are in competition with Oates’ story, in a sense of determination of whether fiction appears to be more forthcoming to truth thanRead MoreAnalysis Of Joyce Carol Oatess Short StoryWhere Are You Going, Where Have You Been?1256 Words   |  6 PagesBeen?† was written in 1966 and twenty years later was made into a movie entitled Smooth Talk by Joyce Chopra, winner of the 1985 U.S. Film Festival for best dramatic picture. The writing by Oates is loosely based on a true story known as â€Å"The Pied Piper of Tucson.† The most significant differences based on the story and movie are the father-daughter relationship with Connie and Chopra’s changing the mother’s attitude toward her. Even with these cha nges, however, the character of Connie and her creepyRead MoreWhere Are You Going, Where Have You Been By Joyce Carol Oates1032 Words   |  5 Pagesup in her usual flirtatious antics to notice how awkward Arnold actually stood. In addition, Connie soon realized that Friend had pancaked makeup upon his whole face. Likewise, Schmid would smother his face in pale makeup. In the article, â€Å"Pied Piper of Tucson: Twisted 1960s Killings by Charles Howard Schmid, Jr.† it says, â€Å"...he bragged non-stop and wore freaky makeup and oversized cowboy boots, which he stuffed with socks, rags, and crushed tin cans to add inches.† This indicates how Schmid portrayedRead MoreAnalysis Of Fences By August Wilson1179 Words   |  5 PagesWriting Task How does the short story â€Å"Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?† use facts, dialogue, and character interactions, to create suspense, tension, and mystery in this unresolved story? Pied Piper of Tucson: Twisted 1960’s Killings by Charles Howard Schmid, Jr. â€Å"Pied Piper of Tucson: Twisted 1960’s Killings by Charles Schmid, Jr.†: In this 2009 New York Daily News profile, Mara Bobson describes the Arizona murders of teen girls committed by Charles Schmid, on whom Oates based theRead More An Analysis of Joyce Carol Oates’ Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been1902 Words   |  8 Pages Zombie, a 1995 novel, is loosely based on the Jeffrey Dahmer serial killings (Seltzer 288). The highly acclaimed short story Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been? draws its inspiration from the case of an Arizona serial killer, the Pied Piper of Tucson (Johnson 99). Oates subject matter reflects the violence in society. Her writing is violent, but it has to be to reflect American culture today. Some detractors argue that there is enough violence in life; literature does not need to celebrateRead MorePsychological Analysis Of Charles Schmid And Arnold Friend2127 Words   |  9 PagesPsychological Analysis of Charles Schmid and Arnold Friend While doing some research on psychological criticism, I found that Arnold Friend in Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been by Joyce Carol Oates and notorious murderer Charles Schmid of The Pied Piper of Tucson by Don Moser have characteristics of being a psychopath, motive for killing, similar comparisons of innocence taken by an evil mind, and how Oates wrote her story based upon Schmid’s personality. Psychological criticism as explained in RetellingsRead MoreWhere Are You Going, Where Have You Been? Essay2193 Words   |  9 Pagesan American novelist and short story writer. â€Å"Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?† first appeared in the Fall of 1966 in Epoch Magazine. This particular work of fiction was inspired by the four Tucson, Arizona murders committed by Charles Howard Schmid, Jr., also known as the Pied Piper of Tucson. Charles Schmid stood at about 5’3† yet he wore oversize cowboys boots that he filled up with balled-up socks and rags t o add inches. He wore freaky pancake makeup and died his hair jet black, yet heRead More Delivering Moral Messages in Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been and A Good Man is Hard to Find1516 Words   |  7 PagesConnie’s spirit. In fact, Arnold Friend is based on a serial killer know as â€Å"The Pied Piper of Tucson.† As Oates reports, this â€Å"tabloid psychopath† specialized in â€Å"the seduction and occasional murder of teenage girls† (Wesley). The Pied Piper was in his thirties; yet, he managed to counterfeit teenage dress, talk, and behavior. He also stuffed rags into his leather boots to give him height. These elements of the Pied Piper’s behavior are very obvious in Oates’s portrayal of Arnold Friend (Johnson

Environments and Organizational Commitment †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Environments and Organizational Commitment. Answer: Introduction: Organizational wellness refers to the wellness program of the organization towards the betterment and the wellbeing of the stakeholders as well as of the overall organization. In other words, the organizational wellness entails health promotion activities in the workplace that includes all the key stakeholders in order support the healthy behavior within the workplace and enhance the health outcomes (Dale Burrell, 2014). The wellness program of the organization contains various aspects from the welfare of the employees to the development of the organization. In other hand, the process of the organization wellness also includes various activities such as effective leadership, commotion, employee management and empowerment and so on. The importance and the necessity of the organizational wellness program lies in the overall improvement of the employees and the work process which leads the organization towards future sustainability and the success. In addition, the importance of the we llness activities within the organization is able to reduce and avoid the illness among the employees that lead the company towards the effective outcome from the employees. Some of the benefits of the organizational wellness refers to the improvement of the employee health, enhancement of the work satisfaction, employee retention and low turnover, betterment of the organization culture and strengthening of the employee relationship, diversity management and overall the sustainability of the organization. This reflective essay sheds light on the various aspect of the organization in terms of providing wellbeing of the organization and betterment of the employees within the same. However, I will discuss the topic from my own point of view. From the reading of the topic of the management of the emotion within the workplace, I understood that emotions play an important role in determining the image of the employees as well as the performance of the same in the workplace. I found out that the emotional dissonance is an important part of the management of the emotion within the workplace in order to maintain the professional environment (Burrus et al., 2012). I came to know about the emotional management in the workplace after experiencing situation in my workplace, which led me t the embarrassment among my collogues. From the experience I learned that I must control and manage my emotional expression in the professional circumstances. In fact, I had chosen the topic for writing because I felt that there are many of the employees within most of the organization who are unaware about the emotional management within the workplace, which can lead them to unexpected and unwanted situation. In a professional meeting in my workp lace, I expressed my emotional outburst while making decisions on certain points, and the result of emotional outburst affected my decision making process accordingly, which was definitely unwanted. Later on that day, I realized that the lack of ability to manage my emotional outburst within the workplace is not only hampering my job, but also was projecting negative impact on my workplace. Indeed, I felt embarrassed about my attitude in the meeting that was driven by my emotion. In addition, I also felt the happening as the challenge to myself because it was my emotion and only I could control and manage the same and not doing this can lead me as well as my professional career towards a negative outcome. I felt that the emotional management is definitely an indication towards emotional dissonance which refers to the conflicts between the experienced and native emotion and the expressed emotion for the display to the others. The emotion refers to the strong feeling about something that is deeply connected or related to the person (Ekman, Friesen Ellsworth, (2013). In other word, the feeling can be measured as the psychological expression based on the experience or activities. The management of the emotion I workplace is important for the organizational wellness. For example, the positive expression of the emotion is capable of maintaining healthy organizational culture and the negative emotions of the employees create a negative impact on the organization which can provide declining effect in the same. Emotional negativity of the employees in the workplace can even contaminate any good news, whereas the positive emotional attitude of the employees can encourage and motivate the entire team as well as the organization for the wellbeing. In short, proper emotional management of the employees is the key determinate of the organizational health. The management of the emotions signifies the emotional labor. As per my understanding and experience, the emotional management was inadequate in me that not only made me feel embarrassed but also disrupted the organizational health. To understand the emotion and the management of the emotion I have presented some theories based on the topic. For the understanding of the topic that relates to the workplace, I found out that the job stress lead the employees to the burnout and declining performance. The process is such that job stress dries the emotion and influence the behavior, the behavior further impacts on the performance of the employee which most of the time shows declining effect. The burnout can cause from the mental exhaustion, sense of hopelessness and helplessness and so on. The emotional management requires emotional labor for a person. As suggested by Hochschild the emotional labor indicates publicly observable and acceptable facial and bodily display which hides real and actual feeling of the person (Chu, Baker Murrmann, 2012). The emotional labor requires suppressing the feeling of for the sustainability of the outward countenance that is capable of producing proper state of mind in other people. In this respect, Hochschild categorized the emotional labor based on the performance of the same such as the surface acting indicating the manipulation of outward display of the fake emotion and the deep acting referring to the manipulation of the emotion within the self and feeling the same. However, it is suggested that the emotional labor, emotional dissonance and the emotional exhaustion is interconnected (Newnham, 2017). Another theory on this topic suggested that, emotional intelligence is the key for the social adaptability of the emotional management (Ciarrochi Mayer, 2013). According to the theory the interpersonal and intrapersonal intelligence are the factors that determine the performance outcome. While concluding the topic, I understood and from both my experience and the evaluation and analysis of the topic that the management of the emotion within the workplace is important for the wellbeing of the organization. From the various theories as the measurement and analyzing tool for the emotional management, the process for the same is clarified. According to my opinion, the primary factor for the emotional control is self awareness and self control. However, the reading of the various theories and my own experience regarding the emotional management, I realized that the necessity for managing emotions in my workplace indicates organizational wellness as well as my personal development. In addition, my positive emotional expression and attitude can influence and effect on the organizational culture too. However, as per my understating and experience about the management of the emotion within the workplace and the necessity of it, I opine few recommendations for the effective implementation of the same. It is recommended to both me and the other employees that we should learn from our own experience about the topic. It is also implied that we must consider and use our envy or jealousy to motivate ourselves for the positive emotional expression in the workplace. We also need to remember feelings of the other people in the workplace against our emotional expression. I hope this little implication to the employees as well as myself will be helpful in future to avoid such situation that is emerged from the negative emotional expression. Employee empowerment is another aspect for the organizational wellness that determines the overall development of the organization along with the development of the employees. The employee empowerment defines the providence of the certain degree of responsibility, accountability and the autonomy for the decision making regarding the organizational tasks assigned to them (Fernandez Moldogaziev, 2013). The empowerment of the employees in the organization covers every level of the workplace from the lower to the highest level. I came to realize about the need and importance of the employees empowerment after facing certain issues in my workplace which was found to be emerged from the lack of employee power in the decision making process. While working in the department of the customer service, I found out that most of the employees were unaware of their responsibilities and thus they could not provide full support to the customer issue. I realized, the employees as well as the organiza tion were lacking the implementation of the employee empowerment. I have chosen to write on this topic because I personally feel that the empowerment of the employees is an important aspect of the organizational wellness which discuses and makes the employee aware of their rights. I had very poor feeling about an incident in my workplace that had made me realize the need for the empowerment of the employees I the workplace. The incident proved that lack of minimum power in the employees can not only demotivate their confidence for their job but also can also disrupt the culture of the organization. Initially I felt frustrated about an incident in the workplace that reflected the inability of the employees in decision making process for the organization. Later on I realized that, I must ensure the empowerment of the employees in order to make them aware of their rights as and avoid unwanted situations. I felt poor because I realized the condition of the employees being unaware of their rights and responsibilities. Apart from that, I felt frustrated because it seemed to me that it is the duty and responsibilities of the organization to provide certain power to the employees. However, in this section I will discuss the positive and negative aspect of the employee empowerment determining the organizational development as the whole. The empowerment of the employees definitely proposes positive impact on both the employees and the organization. the positive impacts of the employee empowerment are greater job satisfaction, the motivation and the increased productivity and reduces cost, increased efficiency and owner ship, quality outcome and the awareness of the own right and responsibilities. The empowerment of the employee is also capable of strengthening the relationship between the employer and the employees. In other hand, the employee empowerment also includes some risks for the organization. I found out that the empowerment of the employees makes them arrogant which is capable of the creating conflicts within the organization. However, as per my experience from one of the incident indicating poor condition of the employees, the significance of the empl oyee empowerment proposes that for the organizational wellness the role of the employee empowerment is crucial, but the same need delicate and proper handling by the organization. There are several theories and models that indicate the empowerment of the employees. The empowerment model is divided I the structural empowerment and the psychological empowerment of the employees. The structural empowerment refers to the notions of power that is related to the structure of the organization influencing the employees as the autonomous body of the organization (Yang et al., 2013). In other hand, the psychological empowerment of denotes the cognitive empowerment of the employees indicating the competence, abilities and the perception of the individuals (Chiang Hsieh, 2012). Both the empowerment models determine the success of the organization in terms of achieving the objectives through the overall development of the employees. Another model called Healthy and Resilient Organization (HERO) suggests that the empowered and engaged employees deliver work with more efficacy and competence and admit their responsibilities and accountability for the same (Salanova et al., 2012). From the study of the employee empowerment, I found out that there are some strategies that the organization with the empowered employees follows for the organization wellness. The strategies are assessment and evaluation of employee engagement, designing or redesigning and changing of job and the organization, enhancement of positive and empowering leadership, providence of training in efficacy beliefs, management of career, potentiating individual employees. It can be concluded from the understanding of the employee empowerment that the same is needed for the overall; development of the organization. I understood and realized from my own experience in the workplace that every organization must focus on the development of the employees by empowering them in order avoid any disruption and conflicts in the workplace. However, it is true that the employee empowerment can lead the employees to be arrogant leading to the increase of risks in the organization, but keeping the negativity behind, we must try to see the positive aspect of the empowerment of the employees. From the study of the discussed models in the above section, the necessity of the topic and the implementation of the same are clear. Therefore, the empowerment of the employees can be recognized as one of the components of the organizational wellness. In this section I am presenting am recommendation based on the employee empowerment for the better implementation of the same within the organization. The dimension of the empowerment must be considered while executing the process of empowering the employees within the organization. The dimensions are self-determination, meaning, competence and the impact as these are determine the successful empowerment of the employees as well as the wellbeing of the organization. Other implication for the employee empowerment refers to the effective communication, contextual providence, supporting and appreciating the effort of the employees, effective leadership and the definition of the individual roles. I hope this recommendation will be helpful in executing the empowerment process for the employees as well as my professional career on the long term basis in the future. In the complete understanding of the organization wellness, the third and my last topic chosen is the culture, communication and making of the healthier workplace. The topic refers to the maintenance of the organizational culture, effective communication within the workplace and the process of making the workplace healthier. Definitely the need of the healthier organization indicates the organization wellness, which I came to realize from my professional experience. The organizational culture refers to the system of integrated and shared values, assumptions and beliefs governed by the people of the organization (Alvesson, 2012). In other hand, the organizational culture to some extent based on the communication which is again a mark of the better and healthier workplace. As per my experience in my workplace, I observed that the lack of the communication within the organization and accordingly lack of the organizational culture indicates the poor health of the organization. I chose to write about this topic because I personally feel that this is one of the major and primary aspects of the organizational wellness that is capable of recognizing the internal environment of the organization. The feeling of mine about the poor organizational culture was disgusting, but later on I felt challenging because of the difficulties in the process of enriching the organizational culture. As because the effective communication and the organizational culture led the organization towards the healthy workplace, I felt the need for the development in the communication as well as in the environment of the organization. I found out that communication is basis of both the organizational culture and the healthier workplace. In other words, I felt that the reverse idea was also true in terms of the making the communication effective by the enrichment of the organizational culture and health. In addition, I felt challenging because I realized that it is difficult as well as time consuming for any organization to enrich the health and the culture of the organization. Every aspect of the organizational wellness is based on both the positive and negative impact. For the organizational culture, I personally feel that the organizational culture provides the employees a sense of identity, maintains professional behaviors among the employees and overall provides healthier workplace. The negative impact of the organizational culture is capable of disrupting the reputation of the organization within the employees and the creating conflicts within the workplace. In other hand, the communication determining the culture of the organization impact on the same in the short term basis and on the health of the organization in a long term basis. I am able to relate that the ineffectiveness of the communication within my workplace which was leading my organization towards the unhealthy organizational culture. Therefore, the significance of the healthier workplace lies in the very initial stage of basic communication and resulting into the enrichment of the workin g and overall culture of the organization. Based on the academic study on the topic of the healthier workplace within the organization, I personally consider model of the working well. This particular model based on the message from the employers and the feedback of the employees in a circular motion. Another model by the NIOSH (2012) also refers to the total worker health framework indicating the employment relationship, workplace and the workers. As I have repeatedly emphasized on the organizational culture as the key determinates of the healthier workplace. The organizational culture climate model is referred by Ostroff et al. (2003) that depict the overall development of the environment of the firm and the health of the same. The model also suggests the development of both the physical and the mental health, which is again an indication of the maintenance of health and safety standard in the organizational culture. The next aspect of the organizational health being the communication, the academic reference provides variou s ways of communication within the workplace. The sense giving way of communication implies to the employer for the providence of the proper and effective message to the employees that will help the firm to ensure the health of the same. The way of sense making way of communication refers valuing of the opinion and vision of other employees and acquiring new ways in the organization for the enrichment and enhancement of the organizational culture. This process of the sense giving and sense making will be helpful for the organization in determining the strong relationship among the employees along with ensuring the health of the firm (Colville, Brown Pye, 2012). The integrative model based on the three different phases ensures the health of the organization (Wahl, Iwarsson Oswald, 2012). The phases are the gradual way for ensuring the health of the firm that includes assessment, change, leadership communication and implementation. Based o my personal opinion, I feel that this model s will be helpful in determining the healthier organization. I personally feel that the conclusion for the understanding of the topic of healthier organization, the role of the organizational culture and effective communication is important. Based on my experience and the models on the particular topic, I feel that healthier organization definitely refers to the organizational wellness. It is evident from the discussion that the importance and necessity of the organizational health as well as the culture is dependent on the effective communication within the workplace as well as within the every level of the organization. In addition, it is also important for the organization to implement the models and strategies based on the development of the organizational health for the enhancement of the sane. However, the recommendation on the making of the healthier organization is entirely based on my personal opinion and experience. I recommend that the leaders of the organization must listen to the opinions of the employees about any issue irrespective of the importance of the same, and therefore the employees will be motivated to share their problem with the leaders. Thus the culture and the environment of the firm will be communicative and rich. From the other recommendation, I opine that the employees also must be communicative and comfortable in sharing their problems and issues with their leaders as well as other employees. I strongly feel that this will broaden the way for the resolving of any issue in a short span of time and overall will improve the organizational health. Conclusion: Therefore, it can be concluded from the above discourse that the organizational wellness is based on the activities of the key stakeholders within the organizations workplace. The above discussion makes it clear that the every smaller activity is responsible for ensuring the wellbeing of the organization in the broader sense. The three topics I have covered in the essay presents the importance of the various and completely different aspect in ensuring the betterment of the firm. The emotional management of the employees is equally important as the empowerment of the employees. In other hand, the communication, culture and the healthier workplace is also necessary for the development of the organization. I have presented my own experience in the essay, from which I have realized the importance of the covered topic in determining the wellbeing of the organization. However, I admit that there are many other topics in the context of the organizational wellness which I have not covered in the easy. Therefore, the wellness of the organization is not limited in this essay. However, the three covered topics I felt to be most important and major in ensuring the organizational wellness. Reference: Alvesson, M. (2012).Understanding organizational culture. Sage. Burrus, J., Betancourt, A., Holtzman, S., Minsky, J., MacCann, C., Roberts, R. D. (2012). Emotional intelligence relates to well?being: Evidence from the Situational Judgment Test of Emotional Management.Applied Psychology: Health and Well?Being,4(2), 151-166. Chiang, C. F., Hsieh, T. S. (2012). The impacts of perceived organizational support and psychological empowerment on job performance: The mediating effects of organizational citizenship behavior.International journal of hospitality management,31(1), 180-190. Chu, K. H., Baker, M. A., Murrmann, S. K. (2012). When we are onstage, we smile: The effects of emotional labor on employee work outcomes.International Journal of Hospitality Management,31(3), 906-915. Ciarrochi, J., Mayer, J. D. (2013).Applying emotional intelligence: A practitioner's guide. Psychology Press. Colville, I., Brown, A. D., Pye, A. (2012). Simplexity: Sensemaking, organizing and storytelling for our time.Human Relations,65(1), 5-15. Dale, K., Burrell, G. (2014). Being occupied: An embodied re-reading of organizational wellness.Organization,21(2), 159-177. Ekman, P., Friesen, W. V., Ellsworth, P. (2013).Emotion in the human face: Guidelines for research and an integration of findings. Elsevier. Fernandez, S., Moldogaziev, T. (2013). Employee empowerment, employee attitudes, and performance: Testing a causal model.Public Administration Review,73(3), 490-506. Goetzel, R. Z. (2012). NIOSH 2012. Research Compendium: The NIOSH Total Worker Health Program: Seminal research papers 2012. Washington, DC: Department of Health and Human Services.Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, DHHS (NIOSH),10214. Newnham, M. P. (2017). A comparison of the enactment and consequences of emotional labor between frontline hotel workers in two contrasting societal cultures.Journal of Human Resources in Hospitality Tourism,16(2), 192-214. Ostroff, C., Kinicki, A. J., Tamkins, M. M. (2003).Organizational culture and climate. John Wiley Sons, Inc.. Salanova, M., Llorens, S., Cifre, E., Martnez, I. M. (2012). We need a hero! Toward a validation of the healthy and resilient organization (HERO) model.Group Organization Management,37(6), 785-822. Wahl, H. W., Iwarsson, S., Oswald, F. (2012). Aging well and the environment: Toward an integrative model and research agenda for the future.The Gerontologist,52(3), 306-316. Yang, J., Liu, Y., Huang, C., Zhu, L. (2013). Impact of empowerment on professional practice environments and organizational commitment among nurses: A structural equation approach.International journal of nursing practice,19(S1), 44-55.

Woodwro Willson Essays - Woodrow Wilson, , Term Papers

Woodwro Willson Wilson, Woodrow Woodrow Wilson, 28th president of the United States (1913-21), secured a legislative program of progressive domestic reform, guided his country during WORLD WAR I, and sought a peace settlement based on high moral principles, to be guaranteed by the LEAGUE OF NATIONS. Early Life and Career Thomas Woodrow Wilson was born in Staunton, Va., on Dec. 28, 1856. He was profoundly influenced by a devoutly religious household headed by his father, Joseph Ruggles Wilson, a Presbyterian minister, and his mother, Janet Woodrow Wilson, the daughter of a minister. Woodrow (he dropped the Thomas in 1879) attended (1873-74) Davidson College and in 1875 entered the College of New Jersey (later Princeton University), graduating in 1879. Wilson studied (1879-80) at the University of Virginia Law School, briefly practiced law in Atlanta, and in 1883 entered The Johns Hopkins University for graduate study in political science. His widely acclaimed book, Congressional Government (1885), was published a year before he received the doctoral degree. In 1885 he married Ellen Louise Axson; they had three daughters. Wilson taught at Bryn Mawr College (1885-88) and Wesleyan University in Connecticut (1888-90) before he was called (1890) to Princeton as professor of jurisprudence and political economy. A popular lecturer, Wilson also wrote a score of articles and nine books, including Division and Reunion (1893) and his five-volume History of the American People (1902). In 1902 he was the unanimous choice of the trustees to become Princeton's president. His reforms included reorganization of the departmental structure, revision of the curriculum, raising of academic standards, tightening of student discipline, and the still-famous preceptorial system of instruction. But Wilson's quad plan--an attempt to create colleges or quadrangles where students and faculty members would live and study together--was defeated. Opposed by wealthy alumni and trustees, he also lost his battle for control of the proposed graduate college. The Princeton controversies, seen nationally as a battle between democracy and vested wealth, propelled Wilson into the political arena. George Harvey, editor of Harper's Weekly, with help from New Jersey's Democratic party bosses, persuaded Wilson to run for governor in 1910. After scoring an easy victory, he cast off his machine sponsors and launched a remarkable program of progressive legislation, including a direct-primary law, antitrust laws, a corrupt-practices act, a workmen's compensation act, and measures establishing a public utility commission and permitting cities to adopt the commission form of government. Success in New Jersey made him a contender for the Democratic presidential nomination. Although Wilson entered the 1912 Democratic National Convention a poor second to Speaker of the House Champ Clark, his strength increased as Clark's faded, and he won the nomination after 46 ballots. Offering a program of reform that he called the New Freedom, Wilson ran against a divided Republican party. In November, with only 42 percent of the popular vote, he won 435 electoral votes to 88 for Progressive candidate Theodore Roosevelt and 8 for the Republican candidate, President William Howard Taft. Progressive as President By presenting his program personally before the Democratically controlled Congress, employing personal persuasion as well as patronage, and appealing to the American public with his stirring rhetoric, Wilson won passage of an impressive array of progressive measures. The Underwood Tariff Act (1913), the first reduction in duties since the Civil War, also established a modest income tax. The Federal Reserve Act (1913) provided for currency and banking reform. Antitrust legislation followed in 1914, when Congress passed the Federal Trade Commission Act and the CLAYTON ANTI-TRUST ACT. In 1915, Wilson supported the La Follette Seamen's bill, designed to improve the working conditions of sailors. The following year he signed the Federal Farm Loan Act, providing low-interest credit to farmers; the Adamson Act, granting an 8-hour day to interstate railroad workers; and the Child Labor Act, which limited children's working hours. In foreign policy, Wilson was faced with greater problems than any president since Abraham Lincoln. He attempted to end U.S. dollar diplomacy and promote the mediation of disputes. He rejected a loan to China on the grounds that it impaired Chinese sovereignty, and he helped thwart Japanese designs on the Chinese mainland. He approved Secretary of State William Jennings BRYAN's efforts to minimize the danger of war through a series of conciliation treaties and joined him in an unsuccessful attempt to negotiate a Pan-American pact guaranteeing the integrity of the Western Hemisphere. In attempting to deal with revolutionary Mexico, Wilson first sought to promote self-government by refusing to recognize the military usurper Victoriano HUERTA and forcing him to allow free elections. When Huerta resisted, Wilson tried to force him out by ordering (April 1914) limited American intervention at Veracruz and by supporting constitutionalist Venustiano CARRANZA. Mediation by Argentina, Brazil, and Chile helped to prevent a general conflict and led to Huerta's resignation in July 1914. A year later, Wilson recognized Carranza's provisional government, and in 1916 he intervened again after Carranza's rival, guerrilla leader Pancho VILLA, had raided a town in New Mexico, killing several Americans. In 1915 and 1916 he reluctantly sent troops to Haiti and Santo Domingo to establish U.S. protectorates. After the outbreak of

The Consequences of the Norman Conquest

The Consequences of the Norman Conquest William of Normandy’s success in the Norman Conquest of 1066, when he seized the crown from Harold II, used to be credited with bringing in a host of new legal, political and social changes to England, effectively marking 1066 as the start of a new age in English history. Historians now believe the reality is more nuanced, with more inherited from the Anglo-Saxons, and more developed as a reaction to what was happening in England, rather than the Normans simply recreating Normandy in their new land. Nevertheless, the Norman Conquest still bought many changes. The following is a list of the major effects. Anglo-Saxon elites, the largest landholders in England, were replaced by Franco-Normans. Those Anglo-Saxons nobles who had survived the battles of 1066 had the chance to serve William and retain power and land, but many rebelled over contentious issues, and soon William had turned away from compromise to importing loyal men from the continent. By William’s death, the Anglo-Saxon aristocracy was all but replaced. In the Domesday book of 1086, there are only four large English landowners. However, there may only have been around 25,000 Franco-Normans out of a population of two million when William died. There was not a massive importation of a new Norman population, just the people at the top.Much of the upper reaches of church government was replaced. By 1087, eleven of fifteen bishops were Norman, and only one of the other four was English. The church had power over people and land, and now William had power over them.Castles: Anglo-Saxons did not, in general, build castles, a nd the Normans started a huge building program in order to help secure their power. The most common early type was wooden, but stone followed. The castle building habits of the Normans has left a mark on England still visible to the eye (and the tourist industry is thankful for it.) The importance of receiving land from a lord in return for loyalty and service grew enormously under the Normans, who created a system of land tenure unmatched in Europe. Quite how homogenous this system was (probably not very), and whether it can be called feudal (probably not) are still being discussed. Before the conquest, Anglo-Saxons owed an amount of service based on regularized units of land holding; afterward, they owed service based entirely on the settlement they had achieved with their overlord or the king.The idea that a person held two types of land – his ‘patrimony’ / family land which he had inherited, and his extended lands which he had conquered – and the idea that these lands could go to different heirs, came into England with the Normans. Familial relationships, of heirs to parents, changed as a result.The links between Scandinavia and England were deeply severed. Instead, England was brought closer to events in France and this region of the continent, leading to the Angevin Empire and then the Hundred Years War. Before 1066 England had seemed destined to stay in the orbit of Scandinavian, whose conquerors had taken hold of large chunks of the British Isles. After 1066 England looked south. Increased use of writing in government. While the Anglo-Saxons had written some things down, Anglo-Norman government vastly increased it.After 1070, Latin replaced English as the language of government.The power of the earls was reduced after Anglo-Saxon rebellions. Earls now held less land, with correspondingly reduced wealth and influence.Royal forests, with their own laws, were created.Higher taxes: most monarchs are criticized for heavy taxes, and William I was no exception. But he had to raise funds for the occupation and pacification of England.A new court, known as the Lords, honourial or seigniorial, was created. They were held, as the name suggests, by lords for their tenants, and have been called a key part of the â€Å"feudal† system.Murdrum fines: if a Norman was killed, and the killer not identified, the entire English community could be fined. That this law was needed perhaps reflects on the problems faced by the Norman raiders.Trial by battle was introduced.Ther e was a large decline in the numbers of free peasants, who were lower class workers who could quit their land in search of new landlords. Far more English land was given to continental monasteries, to hold as ‘alien priories’, then before the Norman Conquest. Indeed, more monasteries were founded in England.Continental architecture was imported en mass. Every major Anglo-Saxon cathedral or abbey, apart from Westminster, was rebuilt bigger and more fashionably. Parish churches were also widely rebuilt in stone.

How to Calculate the 7 Cost Measures

How to Calculate the 7 Cost Measures There are many definitions relating to cost, including the following seven terms: Marginal costTotal costFixed costTotal variable costAverage total costAverage fixed costAverage variable cost The data you need  to  compute these seven figures  probably will come in one of three forms: A table that provides data on total cost and quantity producedA linear equation relating total cost (TC) and quantity produced (Q)A nonlinear equation relating total cost (TC) and quantity produced (Q) Following are definitions of the terms and explanations of how the three situations should be dealt with. Defining Terms of Cost Marginal cost  is the cost a company incurs when producing one more good. Suppose its producing two goods, and company officials would like to know how much costs would increase if production was increased to three goods. The difference is the marginal cost of going from two to three. It can be calculated thus: Marginal Cost (from 2 to 3) Total Cost of Producing 3 – Total Cost of Producing 2 For example, if it costs $600 to produce three goods and $390 to produce two goods, the difference is 210, so thats the marginal cost. Total cost  is simply all the costs incurred in producing a certain number of goods. Fixed costs  are the costs that are independent of the number of goods produced, or  the costs incurred when no goods are produced. Total variable cost is the opposite of fixed costs. These are the costs that change when more is produced. For instance, the total variable cost of producing four units is calculated thus: Total Variable Cost of Producing 4 units Total Cost of Producing 4 Units – Total Cost of Producing 0 units In this case, let’s say it costs $840 to produce four units and $130 to produce none. Total variable costs when four units are produced  is $710 since 840-130710.   Average total cost  is the total  cost over the number of units produced. So if the company produces five units, the formula is: Average Total Cost of Producing 5 units Total Cost of Producing 5 units / Number of Units If the total cost of producing five units is $1200, average total cost is $1200/5 $240. Average fixed cost  is fixed costs over the number of units produced, given by the formula: Average Fixed Cost Total Fixed Costs / Number of Units The formula for average variable costs is: Average Variable Cost Total Variable Costs / Number of Units Table of Given Data Sometimes a table or chart will give you the marginal cost, and youll need to figure the total cost. You can figure the total cost of producing two goods by using the equation: Total Cost of Producing 2 Total Cost of Producing 1 Marginal Cost (1 to 2) A chart will typically provide information regarding the cost of producing one good, the marginal cost  ,and fixed costs. Lets say the cost of producing one good is $250, and the marginal cost of producing another good is $140. The total cost would be $250 $140 $390. So the total cost of producing two goods is $390. Linear Equations Lets say you want to calculate marginal cost, total cost, fixed cost, total variable cost, average total cost, average fixed cost, and  average variable cost  when given a linear equation regarding total cost and quantity. Linear equations are equations without logarithms. As an example, let’s use the equation TC 50 6Q. That means the total cost goes up by 6 whenever an additional good is added, as shown by the coefficient in front of the Q. This means there is a constant marginal cost of $6 per unit produced. Total cost is represented by TC. Thus, if we want to calculate the total cost for a specific quantity, all we need to do is substitute the quantity for Q. So the total cost of producing 10 units is 50 6 X 10 110. Remember that fixed cost is the cost we incur when no units are produced. So to find the fixed cost, substitute in Q 0 to the equation. The result is 50 6 X 0 50. So our fixed cost is $50. Recall that total variable costs are the non-fixed costs incurred when Q units are produced. So total variable costs can be calculated with the equation: Total Variable Costs Total Costs – Fixed Costs Total cost is 50 6Q and, as just explained, fixed cost is $50 in this example. Therefore, total variable cost is (50 6Q) – 50, or 6Q. Now we can calculate total variable cost at a given point by substituting for Q. To find the average total cost (AC), you need to average total costs over the number of units produced. Take the total cost formula of TC 50 6Q and divide the right side to get average total costs. This looks like AC (50 6Q)/Q 50/Q 6. To get average total cost at a specific point, substitute for the Q. For example, average total cost of producing 5 units is 50/5 6 10 6 16. Similarly, divide fixed costs by the number of units produced to find average fixed costs. Since our fixed costs are 50, our average fixed costs are 50/Q. To calculate average variable costs, divide variable costs by Q. Since variable costs are 6Q, average variable costs are 6. Notice that average variable cost does not depend on quantity produced and is the same as marginal cost. This is one of the special features of the linear model, but it wont hold with a nonlinear formulation. Nonlinear Equations Nonlinear total cost equations are total cost equations that tend to be more complicated than the linear case, particularly in the case of marginal cost where calculus is used in the analysis. For this exercise, let’s consider the following two equations: TC 34Q3  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ 24Q 9TC Q log(Q2) The most accurate way of calculating the marginal cost is with calculus. Marginal cost is essentially the rate of change of total cost, so it is the first derivative of total cost. So using the  two given equations for total cost, take the first derivate of total cost to find the expressions for marginal cost: TC 34Q3  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ 24Q 9TC’ MC 102Q2  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ 24TC Q log(Q2)TC’ MC 1 1/(Q2) So when total cost is 34Q3  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ 24Q 9, marginal cost is 102Q2  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ 24, and when total cost is Q log(Q2), marginal cost is 1 1/(Q2). To find the marginal cost for a given quantity, just substitute the value for Q into each expression. For total cost, the formulas are given. Fixed cost is found when Q 0. When total costs are 34Q3  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ 24Q 9, fixed costs are 34 X 0 – 24 X 0 9 9. This is the same answer you get if you eliminate all the Q terms, but this will not always be the case. When total costs are Q log(Q2), fixed costs are 0 log(0 2) log(2) 0.30. So although all the terms in our equation have a Q in them, our fixed cost is 0.30, not 0. Remember that total variable cost  is found by: Total Variable Cost Total Cost – Fixed Cost Using the first equation, total costs are 34Q3  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ 24Q 9 and fixed cost  is 9, so total variable costs are 34Q3  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ 24Q. Using the second total cost equation, total costs are Q log(Q2) and fixed cost is log(2), so total variable costs are Q log(Q2) – 2. To get the average total cost, take the total cost equations and divide them by Q. So for the first equation with a total cost of 34Q3  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ 24Q 9, the average total cost is 34Q2  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ 24 (9/Q). When total costs are Q log(Q2), average total costs are 1 log(Q2)/Q. Similarly, divide fixed costs by the number of units produced to get average fixed costs. So when fixed costs are 9, average fixed costs are 9/Q. And when fixed costs are log(2), average fixed costs are log(2)/9. To calculate average variable costs, divide variable costs by Q. In the first given equation, total variable cost is 34Q3  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ 24Q, so average variable cost is 34Q2  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ 24. In the second equation, total variable cost is Q log(Q2) – 2, so average variable cost is 1 log(Q2)/Q – 2/Q.

Corporate Entrepreneurship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5250 words

Corporate Entrepreneurship - Essay Example Having started in the year 1988, this company started out as a small unit with four tailors and has now gone ahead to become one of the most prestigious names in interior decoration in the state of Orissa. The demand for Dipti's products grew and there was a market for interior decoration. By 1993, Dipti was busy undertaking several turnkey projects for complete furnishing of guest houses, hotels, as well as the Governor's residences in the state of Orissa. Orissa is a small state in the Eastern part of India. It is cut off from any major development that takes place elsewhere in the country. For this reasons, Dipti wanted to shift. Following are the problems that she has encountered: Before laying down the formal plan of action, it is necessary to understand the elements that will be involved in the strategy that has been developed later in the paper, from the perspective of the company. This will help us understand the exact application of the theories through the length and breadth of the paper. A major part of Dipti's plan of action must include following a strategy based on gaining competitive advantage as well as achieving sustainable entrepreneurial growth. Let us first examine competitive advantage to see how and where it will fit in with the overall growth and expansion of the Anukul group. Michael E Porter has paved the way for re... Difficulty in managing HR: Dipti does not know the local language and hence she has had a problem with finding employees. Bangalore is a big city and she still needs to cross a variety of learning curves in order to know the market and prospective clients. Competitive Advantage and Sustainable Entrepreneurial Growth: Before laying down the formal plan of action, it is necessary to understand the elements that will be involved in the strategy that has been developed later in the paper, from the perspective of the company. This will help us understand the exact application of the theories through the length and breadth of the paper. A major part of Dipti's plan of action must include following a strategy based on gaining competitive advantage as well as achieving sustainable entrepreneurial growth. Let us first examine competitive advantage to see how and where it will fit in with the overall growth and expansion of the Anukul group. Michael E Porter has paved the way for revolutionary strategising trends and a whole new perspective on competition through his competitive advantage theory. In the corporate world, Porter's first book Competitive Strategy (1980), which he wrote in his thirties, became an international best seller, and is considered to be an authoritative piece of work on corporate strategy. The book, which has been published in nineteen languages and re-printed approaching sixty times, changed the way business leaders' minds worked. Further, it remains a guide of choice for strategic managers on a global scale. Apart from being rich in lessons about why and how industries, regions, and nations succeed or fail, this book is of great value as

Environmental Science Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Environmental Science - Research Paper Example This power is not limited to controlling the face of our own government through consistent, record-breaking, campaign contributions, but also the fate of millions of people and the planet itself through jobs, resource exploitation, pollution, working conditions, energy consumption, forest destruction, and so on. Make no mistake, these new power centers are not democracies. We don’t vote for the CEO’s or the policies (unless we are rich enough to be significant shareholders, who are informed enough to know what’s going on, and compassionate enough to care about more than just personal profit), yet our destinies are increasingly left in their hands. The Solution: As these power centers shift, we must shift our own voices if we wish to be heard. As citizens, on average, we might vote once every four years, if at all. As consumers, we vote every single day with the purest form of power †¦ money. The average family spends around $18,000 every year on goods and se rvices. Think of it as casting 18,000 votes every year for the kind of world you want to live in. Unfortunately, as difficult as it is to find good, solid information on candidates during an election year, it’s often even harder to find good, solid information on corporations.

Negative Cannabis Essay Example for Free

Negative Cannabis Essay Youngsters use cannabis these days too. Marijuana users are at increased risk of impairment of memory, attention, concentration, and judgement. It is a high risk for youngsters at the age of 14 to 17 years old to use; whereas many youngsters use cannabis as often as they smoke a cigarette these days. Children start taking cannabis because they have easy access to buying this drug at a young age. This can be from their mates who are dealing. Dealers will sell to anyone for their profit and I think youngsters taking this drug shouldnt have easy access to buying it. The level of harm should make no difference. Heavy use of cannabis may cause the user to lack interest in work, relationships, and personal health, which is known as Amotivational Syndrome. Cannabis is most likely to effect women that use the drug; where it can disrupt their menstrual cycle and gives them an increased risk of fertility problem. Smoking marijuana damages short-term memory, which occurs because of a chemical found in cannabis, called delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), which affects the memory part of the brain called the hippocampus. When cannabis is smoked it can cause: coughing, asthma, upper respiratory problems, racing heart, feeling tense and dizzy. A user might also feel light-headed or faint. Different people that use cannabis might feel differently towards the drug, some might not even feel any effects. Clearly cannabis has complicated effects on the users memory, but its effects have been varied in many cases with the user. Whether cannabis is harmful of beneficial is still unknown and depends on the users biology and point of view, when taken. Using cannabis is heavily restricted in many countries, and in many years it may be legalised in some countries. It is legal to use in some countries like Hong Kong. From all my research that Ive done there is still a positive and negative outcome towards cannabis. That doesnt mean the drug is safe or unsafe to use. But cannabis is a well known by most people and some people believe it is a less harmful drug than others although this has not been confirmed.

Legality vs. Human Bonding in A Jury of Her Peers Essay -- A Jury of H

In "A Jury of Her Peers" Susan Glaspell shows how human bonding can override legalities that society has. This is shown by Mrs. Hale and Mrs. Peters bonding with Minnie by understanding her daily life as they are in her home. The two women feel a connection with Minnie because their lives are very similar to that of hers. By the two women understanding and having a connection with Minnie they notice the small trifles that leads to them finding evidence and motive for Minnie murdering her husband. Mrs. Hale and Mrs. Peters were only in Minnie's home for a short period of time yet this revealed to them that Minnie was much like them. As Mrs. Hale was leaving her house to go with the others to Minnie's house she noticed something in her kitchen. "It was no ordinary thing that called her away -- it was probably further from ordinary than anything that had ever happened in Dickson county. But what her eye took in was that her kitchen was in no shape for leaving: her bread ready for mixing, half the flour sifted and half unsifted." (paragraph 1). Later while at Minnie's house, Mrs. Hale noticed something very similar: "She looked around the kitchen. Certainly it was not slicked up. Her eye was held by a bucket of sugar on a low shelf. The cover was off the wooden bucket, and beside it was a paper bag --- half full. Mrs. Hale moved toward it. She was putting this in there, she said to herself -- slowly." (paragraph 108). Mrs. Hale and Minnie ar...

Child Abuse and Major Long Term Essay

Description of the possible signs, symptoms, indicators and behaviours that may concern in the context of safeguarding Children are usually abused by someone in their immediate family cycle. This can include parents, brothers, sisters, babysitters and other familiar adult. Children can be abused by age of up to 18 years and they likely to be at risk of physical injuries, sexual abuse, neglect, emotional abuse or verbal abuse. Child abuse can have major long term effects on all aspects of a child’s health, development and well being. The main forms of maltreatment are: Neglect sign; A child come to school usually with dirty skin, hair and clothes or without jacket in winter. Children in the school may feel hungry and tiredness or being left alone unsupervised. Even then they are sick not taken to GP for medical treatment. A child frequently absent from school and beg steal food or money. Possible symptom: A child appear to be indifferent and a child seems apathetic depressed. A lso the a child behave irrationally or in a bizarre manner. ————————————————- Impact of neglect: Impact of neglecting a child can cause brain damage and also have psychological implications such as cognitive delays or emotional difficulties. Psychological problem often manifest as high risk behaviour problem, depression and anxiety in children Emotion abuse: When a child feel furious, sad and crying and behaving inappropriately in the class that mean he is being emotional abused. Sign: When a child is being emotional abused he may chose dark colour to paint on the paper. Feeling low self esteem, seeking attention from others, behaviour difficulties, continual rocking, hair twisting, delayed development Possible symptom: CYP will delayed in languages development and play skills and have impaired ability to enjoyment in play. Not trusting other and feeling nervous all the time. CYP will feel guilty, ashamed and withdrawal of social interaction. Their mode will change and they frequently blaming others people. ——————†”—————————- Effects: emotional abuse is the most difficult form of a child maltreatment identify and to prevent. Babies who are emotionally abused may slow or fail to develop. Physical abuse Signs: Physical abuse is when children are being physical abused by someone. This can be involved hitting, biting, punching,  kicking, burning, scalding, shaking, throwing or beating with object such as stick and belt. It also includes poisoning, giving a child alcohol, drug Symptoms: Practitioner need to have acknowledgement of physical abuse and there signs to protect children from harm. Any injuries which parent doesn’t inform practitioner or children may not received medical treatment, can raise concern of abuse. Sometime children may refused to change clothe on PE day because they want to hide their injuries signs ————————————————- Effects: Physical abuse can lead child physical injuries, disability and in extreme cases can cause death. Physical abuse has been link to emotional & aggressive behaviour in children as well as can cause learning difficulties. Sexual abuse sign: Recurrent urinary infection, genital and rectal itching, blood in under paint and soreness, inappropriate behaviour and regarding age and ability, children may feel lack of trust, regression and become isolated and withdrawn Symptom: CYP will behave aggressive and disruptive behaviour and feeling afraid when they left alone. Difficulties in walking and setting and wearing so many layer of clothe. Change in behaviour around specific person and try to avoid familiar adult. Sexual acting and inappropriate sexual play. Also lack of interest playing with friend, sport and any other activities in the school. ————————————————- Effect; The severe effect of sexual abuse can be on children they may suffer mental health problem, depression, identity confusion, behaviour difficulties and also emotional problem. References Describe That Possible Signs, Symptoms, Indicators and Behaviours That May Cause Concern in the Context of Safeguarding. http://www.studymode.com/essays/Describe-That-Possible-Signs-Symptoms-Indicators-878910.html(5/11/2012) Describe That Possible Signs, Symptoms, Indicators and Behaviours That May Cause Concern in the Context of Safeguarding http://www.silkysteps.com/forum/showthread.php?t=13536 (5/11/2012) Recognizing Child Abuse and Neglect: Signs and Symptomhttp://www.childwelfare.gov/pubs/factsheets/signs.cfm(6/11/2012) Meggitt C (2011) Cache Level 3 Diploma Children and Young People

Local and National Provision Research Essay

Research and write about the local and national provision for your preferred sport. The aim of this assignment is to research the local and national provision for tennis. The main governing body for tennis is the Lawn Tennis Association. I will research how the LTA provides funding and helps players from a beginner level to and elite level. There are many ways in which a performer can improve and compete, I will research how these are done and what help is given. Often there isn’t sports provision for those with disabilities, i will investigate what is available in tennis. I will also research what is available in our area. Tennis venues in Suffolk include ? Park courts ? Clubs and village courts ? School and education facilities Tennis courts in parks are generally maintained and run by local authorities for example in Bury St Edmunds there are courts in the Abbey Gardens. Courts are expensive to hire at around à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½5 per hour. There are several clubs in West Suffolk for example The Risbygate Club in Bury St Edmunds. There is a joining fee for the club, which is quite expensive particularly for young people however, the subsequent cost of hiring the court is cheaper than / A number of villages in the West Suffolk area have their own communal courts which you can access providing you are a resident in the village, for example Bardwell has 2 courts. There are no indoor courts in West Suffolk therefore tennis is mostly played through spring and summer. Tennis lessons for children are available throughout the year in venues such as local leisure centres and schools where mini courts and practise sessions can be set up. For those who wish to compete there is the Glasswells tournament in the summer,in Bury St Edmunds, all other competitions take place further a field which require transport to get there. The LTA is the main tennis governing body. It makes these opening statements on its website â€Å"OUR VISION, To make Britain a great tennis nation. OUR MISSION, More players, Better players.† (www.LTA.org.uk) The LTA aims to develop tennis from the grass roots of tennis to international success. They have clear priorities, juniors, clubs and performance. They believe in order to succeed, tennis needs to be played from a young age, money is invested in encouraging very young children to the game and helping them develop their skills to become talented players who will represent their country. The British Tennis Foundation is the official tennis charity. It works alongside the LTA, to provide opportunity for young people and those with disabilities. It helps organise come and try sessions, national training programmes and international tournaments. The Central Council of Physical Recreation CCPR is responsible for distributing lottery money to national governing bodies, some of this money is given to the LTA to invest in the development of tennis. The National Coaching Federation NCF aims to improve the standard of coaching in the UK. It runs courses to ensure coaches are fully qualified and are able to coach participants to the very highest standards. This enables players to be coached my the very best and produce a very competitive edge. Many talented performers begin playing tennis at a very young age, they gradually move up through club age groups. When a youngster with talent is spotted their coaching becomes more intense and their level of competition increases. The LTA has a system of tennis coaching which begins young and carries on to senior tennis.   4-8years, mini tennis, this is fun and ensures tennis is enjoyable and played regularly 8-10years, club futures, clubs and coaches provide opportunities for juniors with talent to compete and be involved in club performance programmes 11-13years, county futures, talented players are spotted from club futures to be part of a nationwide programme at county level 11-14years, national futures, young competitors who have the right athletic ability, competitive attitude, mental balance and behaviour are chosen and are provided with the technique to succeed on the international stage   14-22years, academies and intermediate, preparing players to make the step from junior to senior game by providing competitions and physical conditioning 22+, senior players, intensive coaching and training. If a talented player wishes to pursue a career in tennis but also study for a degree at university, special scholarships are available to ensure top coaching is still available but alongside studies. Wheelchair tennis can be played against others in wheelchairs or able bodies players. The International Tennis Foundation regulates the wheelchair game. The ITF ensures wheelchair competitors can compete in the worlds most prestigious events. Wheelchair tennis can be played on regular tennis courts, so some facilities are available. Many wheelchair players are discriminated against and there are no wheelchair teams locally. This is because nationally wheelchair isn’t as widely played as able bodied tennis. Tennis provision is minimum at the moment, but it is higher than it has been. The LTA is committed to developing the game and with encouragement from those already participating I believe in the future tennis will have the best facilities and provision, regardless of their age, gender, or ability. www.wtatour.com www.itfwheelchairtennis.com www.itfjuniors.com www.minitennis.com www.btf.com www.lta.org.uk

Biology on Surface Area to Volume Ratio Essay Essay Example

Biology on Surface Area to Volume Ratio Essay Essay Example Biology on Surface Area to Volume Ratio Essay Paper Biology on Surface Area to Volume Ratio Essay Paper As we all know. many chemical reactions go on within both unicellular and multicellular beings. Many utile substances have to spread into different cells in order to assist supply the necessary energy needed for these reactions to go on. at the same clip. the waste merchandises produced after these reactions have taken topographic point have to be removed and excreted. As the being increases in size through growing. more chemical activity will hold to go on and the rate of metamorphosis will besides increase. which means that more substances have to be taken in and to besides be removed. This is where the surface country to volume ratio comes into topographic point ; the ground why this ratio is so of import is because the surface country of a cell basically affects the rate of the transferring of utile substances ( through diffusion and osmosis etc. ) in and out of the being. On the other manus. the entire volume of the being besides affects the rate of the devising of stuff inside the cell and the ability to keep all of the substances. Whilst beings are easy turning and developing twenty-four hours by twenty-four hours. the volume of the being additions. but non to the same extent as the surface country ; this is because the organisms’ surface country additions at a much slower rate than its volume. Through research and experiments. it is evident that as the being grows. its surface country to volume ratio easy decreases. the tabular array to the right besides proves that this theory is true ; intending that it would go progressively hard for the being to obtain the needed foods and besides throw outing the wastes produced by metamorphosis. In the terminal. it becomes impossible for diffusion to happen expeditiously. where the cells becomes excessively big so they would split through the procedure of mitosis. For illustration. the air sac in our lungs have a comparatively high big surface country to volume ratio. significance that gas exchange in worlds happen at a fast and efficient rate ; the air sac has a big surface country for diffusion to go on. utile substances can spread into the blood vass easy. but at the same clip. the waste merchandises ( C dioxide ) can spread back into the air sac from the blood vas so that they can be breathed out easy.

Hindenburg Disaster

Hindenburg Disaster The suddenness of the disaster was shocking. At 7:25 p.m. on May 6, 1937, while the Hindenburg was attempting to land at the Lakehurst Naval Air Station in New Jersey, a flame appeared on the outer cover of the rear of the Hindenburg. Within 34 seconds, the entire airship was consumed by fire. Take-off On May 3, 1937, the captain of the Hindenburg (on this trip, Max Pruss) ordered the zeppelin out of its shed at the airship station in Frankfurt, Germany. As was usual, when all was ready, the captain shouted, Schiff hoch! (Up ship!) and the ground crew released the handling lines and gave the giant airship a push upward. This trip was the first of the 1937 season for passenger service between Europe and the United States and it wasnt as popular as the 1936 season. In 1936, the Hindenburg had completed ten successful trips (1,002 passengers) and was so popular that they had to turn away customers. On this trip, the first of the 1937 season, the airship was only half full, carrying 36 passengers despite it being equipped to carry 72. For their $400 ticket ($720 round trip), the passengers could relax in the large, luxurious common spaces and enjoy fine food.  They could play, sing, or  listen to the baby grand piano on board or just sit and write postcards. With 61 crew members on board, the passengers were well accommodated. The luxury of the Hindenburg was a marvel in air travel. Considering that passengers were not taken across the Atlantic in heavier-than-air crafts (airplanes) until 1939, the novelty as well as the luxury of traveling in the Hindenburg was astonishing. The smoothness of the ride took many of the Hindenburgs passengers by surprise. Louis Lochner, a newspaperman, described the trip: You feel as though you were carried in the arms of angels.1 There are other stories of passengers waking up after several hours aloft questioning the crew as to when the ship was to take off.2 On most trips across the Atlantic, the Hindenburg maintained an altitude of approximately 650 feet and cruised around 78 mph; however, on this trip, the Hindenburg encountered strong head winds that slowed it down, pushing back the Hindenburgs arrival time from 6 a.m. to 4 p.m. on May 6, 1937. The Storm A storm was brewing over the Lakehurst Naval Air Station (New Jersey) on the afternoon of May 6, 1937. After Captain Pruss had taken the Hindenburg over Manhattan, with a glimpse of the Statue of Liberty, the airship was nearly over Lakehurst when they received a weather report that stated winds were up to 25 knots. In a lighter-than-air ship, winds could be dangerous; thus, both Captain Pruss and Commander Charles Rosendahl, the officer in charge of the air station, agreed that the Hindenburg should wait for the weather to improve. The Hindenburg then headed southward, then northward, in a continuing circle while it waited for better weather. Family, friends, and newspapermen waited at Lakehurst for the Hindenburg to land. Most had been there since the early morning hours when the airship was first scheduled to land. At 5 p.m., Commander Rosendahl gave the order to sound Zero Hour - a loud siren beckoning the 92 navy and 139 civilian ground crew personnel from the nearby town of Lakehurst. The ground crew were to help the airship land by hanging on to mooring lines. At 6 p.m. it began to really rain and soon after began to clear. At 6:12 p.m., Commander Rosendahl informed Captain Pruss: Conditions now considered suitable for landing.3 The Hindenburg had traveled perhaps a little too far and was still not at Lakehurst at 7:10 p.m. when Commander Rosendahl sent another message: Conditions definitely improved recommend earliest possible landing.4 Arrival Not long after Commander Rosendahls last message, the  Hindenburg  appeared over Lakehurst. The  Hindenburg  made a pass over the airfield before coming in for landing. Circling over the airfield, Captain Pruss tried to slow down the  Hindenburg  and to lower its altitude. Perhaps worried about the weather, Captain Pruss made a sharp left turn as the airship approached the mooring mast. Since the  Hindenburg  was a little tail heavy, 1,320 pounds (600 kg) of ballast water was dropped (often, unwary onlookers who had ventured too close to an approaching airship would get drenched from ballast water). Since the stern was still heavy, the  Hindenburg  dropped another 1,100 pounds (500 kg) of ballast water and this time did drench some of the onlookers. At 7:21 p.m., the  Hindenburg  was still about 1,000 feet away from the mooring mast and approximately 300 feet in the air. Most of the passengers stood by the windows to watch the onlookers grow larger as the airship decreased its altitude and to wave at their family and friends. The five officers on board (two were just observers) were all in the control gondola. Other crewmen were in the tail fin to release mooring lines and to drop the rear landing wheel. A Flame At 7:25 p.m., witnesses saw a small, mushroom-shaped flame rise from the top of the tail section of the  Hindenburg, just in front of the tail fin. The crewmen in the tail of the airship said they heard a detonation which sounded like the burner on a gas stove turn on.5   Within seconds, the fire engulfed the tail and spread quickly forward.  The mid-section was completely in flames even before the tail of the  Hindenburg  hit the ground. It took only 34 seconds for the entire airship to be consumed by flames. The passengers and crew had only seconds to react. Some jumped out of the windows, some fell. Since the  Hindenburg  was still 300 feet (roughly equal to 30 stories) in the air when it caught fire, many of these passengers did not survive the fall. Other passengers got wedged inside the ship by moving furniture and fallen passengers. Other passengers and crew jumped from the ship once it neared the ground. Even others were rescued from the burning bulk after it had hit the ground. The ground crew, which had been there to assist the craft in mooring, became a rescue crew. The injured were taken to the airfields infirmary; the dead were taken to the press room, the impromptu morgue. The Radio Broadcast On the scene, radio broadcaster Herbert Morrison captured his emotion-filled, first-hand experience as he watched the  Hindenburg  burst into flames. (His radio broadcast  was taped and then played to a shocked world the following day.) Aftermath Considering the quickness of the catastrophe, it is amazing that only 35 of the 97 men and women on board, plus one member of the ground crew, died in the  Hindenburg  disaster. This tragedy - seen by so many via photographs, news-reels, and radio - effectively ended commercial passenger service in rigid,  lighter-than-air crafts. Though it was assumed at the time that the fire was caused by a hydrogen gas leak ignited by a spark of static electricity, the cause of the disaster is still controversial. Notes 1. Rick Archbold,  Hindenburg: An Illustrated History  (Toronto: Warner/Madison Press Book, 1994) 162.2. Archbold,  Hindenburg  162.3. Archbold,  Hindenburg  178.4. Archbold,  Hindenburg  178.5. Archbold,  Hindenburg  181.

Client-Server Communications Technology Research Paper

Client-Server Communications Technology - Research Paper Example In the structure of the client-server network we have two separate methods that are employed in information, data communications, and transfer valuable data. Every method of data communication has its own advantages and limitations. We categorize the structure of the client-server network communication in connection-oriented method and the connectionless communication methods: Connection-oriented  communication method:   This scheme needs an early communication session association (that is comparable phone call systems) which will be recognized previous to some data and information can be sent. This technique is frequently acknowledged as a "dependable and more reliable" network communication service. It is able to assure that information and data will reach the destination similar order. Connection-oriented communication mode and services establish (set-up) virtual connection among end systems in the course of a client-server network (Tenenbom, 1996). If you need to make certain that a particular data arrives at its destination, then this method can be used. This method gives a response to show that data was received successfully (Nash, 2000). Connectionless communication method:  Ã‚  This is similar to the posting a letter. One the letter has been posted then there is no response regarding its arrival, whether it arrived or not. This is a faster way of communication due to less overhead (Nash, 2000). This way of data and information communication does not need a startup session association among receiver and sender. The sender just initiates the course of the transmitting data packets (those are acknowledged here as datagrams) to the destination host. This way of data communication is not as consistent as compared to the connection-oriented technique, on the other hand, it is helpful for episodic or one by on burst transfers. Neither communication systems have to uphold communication state information intended for the arrangement that they drive transmission to or take delivery of transmission from. A connectionless communication network presents minimum services.

Child Poverty in Canada Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Child Poverty in Canada - Essay Example However in my opinion, effective and consistent implementation will surely depend on the other economic parameters like inflation, GDP etc. Hence economic policies to improve these parameters are also significant in addressing the problem of child poverty. Ottawa lacks plan to fight child poverty, coalition says ---- The Star Summary Monsebraaten (2011) in his article presents the stagnant nature of the children living below poverty in Canada. The article refers Campaign 2000 a coalition devoted to eradicating the same problem that over 1989 to 2009 the progress of the Canadian government to abolish poverty is far from satisfactory. This becomes evident from the fact that in 1989 the poverty rate was 11.9% and that in 2009 was 11.9%. Again this meager improvement was not always uniform and rather subject to business cycle fluctuations. In sharp contrast the nation has experienced staggering and almost uniform growth rate for the past 11 years that proceeded the year 2009. A growing i nequality in terms of income distribution in Canadian economy was first time noticed in the Campaign 2000’s first ever report published long back in 2001. Not only the gap between haves and have not has widened over the year; the middle income group was not spared at all and has to devote more and more hours to work to keep their standard of living at the same level. Despite the governments’ extensive effort to fight back poverty that reflected through two reports from the Senate and the House of Commons Committee in recent times; the pivotal point seems to be misjudged. The strong correlation between economic growth of the country and reducing poverty level that is apparently obvious through high level of employment creation seems to overlook an important social factor.... Monsebraaten (2011) in his article presents the stagnant nature of the children living below poverty in Canada. The article refers Campaign 2000 a coalition devoted to eradicating the same problem that over 1989 to 2009 the progress of the Canadian government to abolish poverty is far from satisfactory. This becomes evident from the fact that in 1989 the poverty rate was 11.9% and that in 2009 was 11.9%. Again this meager improvement was not always uniform and rather subject to business cycle fluctuations. In sharp contrast the nation has experienced staggering and almost uniform growth rate for the past 11 years that proceeded the year 2009. A growing inequality in terms of income distribution in Canadian economy was first time noticed in the Campaign 2000’s first ever report published long back in 2001. Not only the gap between haves and have not has widened over the year; the middle income group was not spared at all and has to devote more and more hours to work to keep the ir standard of living at the same level. Despite the governments’ extensive effort to fight back poverty that reflected through two reports from the Senate and the House of Commons Committee in recent times; the pivotal point seems to be misjudged. The strong correlation between economic growth of the country and reducing poverty level that is apparently obvious through high level of employment creation seems to overlook an important social factor. This factor gets revealed through the life of Becky McFarlene.  

The multicultural Effect Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The multicultural Effect - Essay Example (Silko 1996, 43) These words f Leslie Marmon Silko describe aptly what this ReVision issue is about: storytelling. Indigenous conversations. Recovering indigenous conversations. Remembering stories. Putting them back together. Cherishing the fragments we find. Exchanging stories. Finding ways to bring the immediacy and presence f the stories told in front f a group f people onto paper and between journal covers. Sharing stories between groups f people, Sami siidat, German Sippen--communities (some f these groupings are now called cultures, or societies, or nations, or tribes). The primary focus f the contributions is not agreement or disagreement with Eurocentered views on narrative knowing. Instead the articles, taken together, walk their own path, affirming an ancient way f being present to knowing. That is all. This issue is an invitation to remember that practice and to participate in it--today--with all that that might mean in our contemporary situation. Within the Eurocentered context, the concern would be with the defense, explication, placement, or support f narrative knowing within the edifice that Eurocentered thinking tries to maintain, even as it crumbles and disintegrates at the external and internal margins. Much f what has been written about narrative knowing presents such amendments, usually framed as advances. Progress f thinking. A contribution on the evolutionary trajectory. This is the stage set by Eurocentered thinking for the justification and defense f narrative knowing. That stage matters not in an indigenous or a remembered indigenous context. The stakes are much higher. There are many more criteria. They are in the landscape. In the ancestry. In history. In what is commonly called myth. In gossip. In the narrative plot provided by the stars. In the remembrance f the pain f what people have done to each other and are doing to each other. Individuals all. In the rejoicing about the beautiful things people have done. Because these kinds f criteria elude Eurocentered thinking to a large extent, they cannot--and should not--be justified in that context. Pressures for such justification arise from the need to the maintain the social construction f whiteness. Though it may seem extraordinary to the Eurocentered mind, in the indigenous context, one fact stands out as a simple truth that native people live by: "Whether we know the stories or not, the stories know about us" (Silko 1996, 150). We may not remember our ancestry or honor it, but the ancestors remember us. There is hope in this. Storytelling is allowing completeness in a nutshell: hologrammatically. Here we don't find philosophy apart from the cycles f the seasons--yet we find science. Here we don't find agriculture separate from the local narratives--yet we find astronomy and agroastronomy. Here we don't find navigation apart from star and weather lore--yet we find nautical science. In the narrative universe f these worlds, story is not an individualistic or existential project. It is the survival f the self woven inside, outside, and in between through precise presence. There is no possibility f standing apart or objectifying or dissociating. What an advance to remember such pr actices. The current issue started out with a different design in mind: I was in the process f inviting several authors and informing them to assume the importance and validity f narrative knowi

Passive Reconnaissance Website Analysis

Passive Reconnaissance Website Analysis Assignment: Reconnaissance Paper Student Name: Soumil Deshpande Executive Summary In this assignment, passive reconnaissance was performed on The Weather Channels website i.e. www.weather.com and important results have been obtained regarding the organizations online behavior. In this passive reconnaissance attack we have discovered all the domain name and the corresponding IP addresses of the hosts, domain names, servers, reverse DNS, the webhost name and the location of the server. Furthermore, we have also discovered and analyzed many files such as .doc, .pdf, .xls from online public sources which in return gave us valuable information about the organization such as the username of few employees who have created those files, the software that was used to create those files, date of creation, date of edit, what server it was uploaded to, the operating system in use etc. It also provided us with the folder paths where the files were preset on the host servers. This information is very valuable to an attacker who is performing a reconnaissance attack as it gives o ut a lot of critical information about the internet footprint of the organization and this data was easily available to the attacker via all public sources using passive reconnaissance. To avoid this, we must make sure that we keep a track of all the public information which is readily available on the internet such as DNS lookups, WHOIS information and all the public files hosted and make sure that no valuable information can be extracted by an attacker which in turn could prove harmful for the organization if an attack was conducted on the organization in the future. Introduction to the organization The Weather Channel is an American cable and satellite television channel by NBC Universal. It is also a desktop, mobile app and satellite radio channel. Headquarters of the company is located in Atlanta, Georgia. This organization mainly provides weather related news and analysis which include 24-hour weather forecast and radar imagery. This company was chosen by me for this assignment because this company has a global presence and a very well wide spread and retrievable online footprint. It has servers all around the world which would give me many different points of opportunities for reconnaissance. And as their main function is far away from security I would assume that not a very high level of resources is spent on information security of all the online assists, domains, hosts and websites. Tools and Methods used to obtain data for passive reconnaissance Following are the tools used for conducting passive reconnaissance with the explanation of their working: FOCA (Fingerprint Organizations with Collected Archives) (FOCA n.d.) FOCA is an easy to use GUI tool made for windows whose main purpose is to extract metadata from the given website. FOCA automates the process of finding and downloading all the public documents of various format from the website, analyzing them and presenting the analyzed information in a human readable format on the FOCA windows GUI. The documents which are downloaded from the organizations website are searched by various methods including search engines like Google, Bing, Exalead etc. We can also add local files which we have acquired from other processes in the FOCA GUI for analysis and metadata extraction. An impressive feature of FOCA is that we can analyze the URL and the file without even downloading it. FOCA is capable of downloading and analyzing various types of documents ranging from Microsoft Office files to uncommon adobe files or other custom formats. After all the metadata is extracted from the files, FOCA matches similar information like documents created by the same group, Usernames of the owners of the documents and can even create a network map based on the metadata that was analyzed from all the public sources available on the internet. FOCA also includes a server discovery mode which automatically searches for the organization servers using recursively interconnected routines. Techniques such as Web Search, DNS Search, IP resolution, PTR Scanning, Bing IP, Common Names, DNS Prediction and Robtex are used in the process of server discovery in FOCA. Other features of FOCA include Network Analysis, DNS Spoofing, Search for common files, Proxies search, Technology identification, Fingerprinting, Leaks, Backups search, Error forcing and open directory searches. Google Search (Search engines reconnaissance The magic weapons n.d.) Search tools are very powerful weapons for an attacker for conducting passive reconnaissance on an organization. Using Google search as a reconnaissance tools is 100% legal and this process does not involve accessing unauthorized data or files. Reconnaissance using google is done by using special search queries which are constructed by search modifiers and search operators. Search modifiers are symbols such as + (Requires to match the term exactly), (Show all results excluding that match this term), * (Wildcard entry) and (Searching for a specific text, word or a phrase). Search operator includes keywords in the search queries such as: Allintext à ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚   Restricts search to contain all the query terms which you have specified. Allintitle à ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚   Restricts search to contain all the titles which have the specified text Allinurl à ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚   Restricts search to contain all the url specified. Filetype à ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚   Returns the search results which have a file which is specified by the user. For e.g. [document filetype:doc] will return all the documents with the file extension of .doc. Site à ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚   Google will restrict the search to the particular site or domain. Using the above search modifiers and operators we can construct a special query. For e.g. we can construct a query to get all the doc files from www.example.com as site:www.example.com filetype:doc. From google search alone we can obtain important information like Staff lists and positions, Contact information, Technical skill, helpdesk FAQs, Security policies etc. DNSDumpster.com DNSDumpster is an online service that enables us to scan a particular website to return valuable information like all the DNS records of the website, all the hosts, domains, IPs, location and reverse DNS addresses. It also gives a graphical representation of the network map of the organization by the previously described data. We can even export all this information from the website to an excel spreadsheet to further analyze the data. WHOIS and TRACEROUTE WHOIS is a query and response protocol used to retrieve internet resources like domain names, IP address, owner information, webhost contact information etc. Traceroute is a windows command which records the route through the web space or the internet from your computer to the destination address. PassiveRecon Mozilla Add-on (PassiveRecon n.d.) This very powerful Mozilla add-on combines various passive reconnaissance tools such as IP tracing, WHOIS, google search queries etc. into one single add-on which can use to perform a passive reconnaissance attack with a click of a button. Recon-ng (recon-ng n.d.) Recon-ng is a powerful tool made by the programmer LaNMaSteR53 which is a full-featured web based reconnaissance framework which is written in python. There is an inbuild module known as reconnaissance which is used for conducting all the passive reconnaissance on the website or web server. It gathers data such as IP information, domain names, hosts, location, related domains and other valuable information about the organization. It is a Linux tools and works with most of the new Linux distributions such as kali or Ubuntu. SamSpade (SamSpade n.d.) SamSpade is a windows tools which is famously used for passive reconnaissance. This tools is used to query important functions such as Zone transfer, SMTP relay check, Scan Addresses, Crawl Website, Browse Web, Fast and slow traceroutes, decode URL, parse email headers etc. NetCraft (netcraft n.d.) NetCraft is a United Kingdom based company which tracks almost all websites. Using this tool, we can obtain all the domains, site report with information like registrar information, location, DNS admin email address, hosting company, netblock owner etc. It also enables us to look at the hosting history with the name and version of the webserver and display what web technologies have been used on the website. Information found after reconnaissance DNS Hosts By using various reconnaissance tools ass mentioned above, we have gathered over 100 DNS hostnames for the website weather.com with additional information like IP addresses, reverse DNS, Netblock owner, country and webserver. The entire table of the gathered information is listed at the bottom of this document in a segregated tabular format for easy understanding. A network map has also been created from the above gathered DNS information and has been listed at the end of this document as well. We have also obtained the technologies used on the client side of the weather.com website. These technologies include jQuery, Google Hosted libraries, AJAX, Angular JS and Modernizr. Extracted Files and Metadata Using FOCA as well as google search queries, files were downloaded and analyzed from the weather.com server and host to reveal information about the organization like System Users, System paths, Software used and Clients connected to the server. Following are the list of user information which has been extracted from the metadata of the files gathered. Kerry McCord Maynard Linda iMarc Fatima Jantasri David Tufts Linda Maynard Neal Stein Following are the list of software used to create, modify these files or used in the organization in general. This data was extracted from over 159 documents which were gathered using FOCA and google search tools. Following are the Clients, Servers and Domains of weather.com gathered from server searching and analyzing file metadata. How the gathered information can be used by the attacker. The above-mentioned information although publicly available is very useful for an attacker to orchestrate an attack on the website. With all the information, such as DNS hostname, IP address, Reverse DNS, Hosting server etc. the attacker can further use active reconnaissance techniques on them to gather even more valuable information like the traffic on a particular server, capacity of a particular server, insecure protocols on the domain, SQL injection into form fields, DDoS attack on a particular sever etc. By recognizing a weak link in the network architecture of the organization, an attacker can find a way to enter into locations which was hidden from the public. By doing this the attacker can gain access to much more valuable information and further construct a stronger attack. With all the DNS address, available, the attacker can run an active penetration test on these webserver and IP addresses to find out different vulnerabilities which can be exploited in the future. Serves with a large amount of network loads can be DDoSed to crash the organization website. User information was also gathered in this passive reconnaissance process which can be used to gain more knowledge about the people working in the organization and can be used for various social engineering attacks. These particular users can be targeted by email which could in turn compromise the systems they are in charge of. We now also know the software used in the organization and their version number. We can find out the vulnerabilities on that particular software and use that with social engineering to exploit a target system on the organization. By using all the information gathered by this passive reconnaissance process, the attacker is exposed to a lot of avenues on which he can further dive deep into using active reconnaissance or penetration testing methods. Suggested Controls We have to keep in mind that it is essential for a business to release public documents online. Thus, we have to make sure that these public documents do not give out any valuable information in the form of metadata or even the actual content of the document. These documents should be analyzed internally by the information security team before uploading them to the public website. We can even use a tool to locally extract and remove all the metadata from the file before we upload them to the website. We must also take active actions to harden the perimeter of our network. We must understand the devices that run on our network and update them with up to date security patches and releases. We should only release vague and general information to the public regarding domain names and registrar information. We should also disable and remove all those devices, web servers, users, accounts, domains which are not in use. We should also conduct penetration testing on our web servers and web sites periodically to further harden our network. We should also use NAT for as much of the network as possible. This helps to block OS fingerprinting and port scanning issues which are the main part of the active reconnaissance techniques. We should add a stateful firewall on the network perimeter to prevent any intrusion. We should also have a IDPS system to monitor the traffic on each web server and log the actions or report the actions. Tables and Diagrams DNS hostnames, IP addresses, Reverse DNS of weather.com Hostname IP Address Reverse DNS dmz.weather.com 65.212.71.220 dmz.weather.com 65.212.71.221 weather.com 23.218.138.47 a23-218-138-47.deploy.static.akamaitechnologies.com adcap0x00.twc.weather.com 65.212.71.199 adcap0x00.twc.weather.com adcap0x01.twc.weather.com 65.212.71.198 adcap0x01.twc.weather.com adserver-es1.weather.com 96.8.82.170 adserver.es1.dc.weather.com adserver-es2.weather.com 96.8.83.170 adserver.es2.dc.weather.com adserver-tc1.weather.com 96.8.84.170 adserver.twc1.dc.weather.com adserver-tc2.weather.com 96.8.85.170 adserver.twc2.dc.weather.com ash-dc2-named-1.weather.com 96.8.90.1 ash-dc2-named-1.weather.com attpos.weather.com 96.8.82.142 attpos.weather.com attpos.weather.com 96.8.84.142 attpos.weather.com auth.twc1.dc.weather.com 96.8.84.137 auth.twc1.dc.weather.com b.twc1.dc.weather.com 96.8.84.144 b.twc1.dc.weather.com b.twc2.dc.weather.com 96.8.85.144 b.twc2.dc.weather.com backupmediadmz.twc.weather.com 65.212.71.95 backupmediadmz.twc.weather.com betaorigin.weather.com 96.8.84.147 betaorigin.weather.com betatest2.weather.com 96.8.85.103 betatest2.weather.com blogs.twc.weather.com 65.212.71.97 blogs.twc.weather.com builddata.weather.com 96.8.82.54 builddata.weather.com buildds.weather.com 96.8.82.49 builddds.weather.com buildmap.weather.com 96.8.82.56 buildmap.weather.com buildmob.weather.com 96.8.82.50 buildmob.weather.com buildmob2.weather.com 96.8.82.51 buildmob2.weather.com buildorigin.weather.com 96.8.82.53 buildorigin.weather.com buildurs.weather.com 96.8.82.52 buildurs.weather.com buildweb.weather.com 96.8.82.46 buildweb.weather.com buildweb2.weather.com 96.8.82.47 buildweb2.weather.com buildwxii.weather.com 96.8.82.48 buildwxii.weather.com cacheds.twc1.dc.weather.com 96.8.84.141 cacheds.twc1.dc.weather.com cacheds.twc2.dc.weather.com 96.8.85.141 cacheds.twc2.dc.weather.com clustsrv1.twc.weather.com 65.212.71.115 clustsrv1.twc.weather.com clustsrv2.twc.weather.com 65.212.71.116 clustsrv2.twc.weather.com clustsrv3.twc.weather.com 65.212.71.117 clustsrv3.twc.weather.com clustsrv4.twc.weather.com 65.212.71.121 clustsrv4.twc.weather.com clustsrv5.twc.weather.com 65.212.71.122 clustsrv5.twc.weather.com connect.twc.weather.com 65.212.71.136 connect.twc.weather.com dmzdc02.dmz.weather.com 65.212.71.223 dmzdc02.twc.weather.com dmzdc02.twc.weather.com 65.212.71.223 dmzdc02.twc.weather.com dmz.weather.com 65.212.71.223 dmzdc02.twc.weather.com dmzdc03.dmz.weather.com 65.212.71.222 dmzdc03.twc.weather.com dmzdc03.twc.weather.com 65.212.71.222 dmzdc03.twc.weather.com dmz.weather.com 65.212.71.222 dmzdc03.twc.weather.com dmzswitch10.twc.weather.com 65.212.71.10 dmzswitch10.twc.weather.com dmzswitch11.twc.weather.com 65.212.71.11 dmzswitch11.twc.weather.com dmzswitch12.twc.weather.com 65.212.71.12 dmzswitch12.twc.weather.com dmzswitch13.twc.weather.com 65.212.71.13 dmzswitch13.twc.weather.com dmzswitch14.twc.weather.com 65.212.71.14 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FOCA. https://www.elevenpaths.com/labstools/foca/index.html. n.d. netcraft. https://www.netcraft.com/. n.d. PassiveRecon. https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/passiverecon/. n.d. recon-ng. https://bitbucket.org/LaNMaSteR53/recon-ng. n.d. SamSpade. https://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/tools/sam-spade-934. n.d. Search engines reconnaissance The magic weapons. http://securityaffairs.co/wordpress/19570/hacking/search-engines-reconnaissance-magic-weapons.html.